Management Advice Base The definitions for a accurate set of abstracts variables, with those
definitions afterward the SMI specifications. See additionally SMI.
man-in-the-middle advance A assuming of a arrangement advance in which packets breeze to the
attacker, and again out to the accurate recipient. As a result, the user continues to accelerate data, increasing
the adventitious that the antagonist learns added and bigger information.
map chic An FRTS agreement construct, configured with the map-class frame-relay global
configuration command.
mark anticipation denominator Acclimated by WRED to account the best allotment of
packets alone back the boilerplate chain abyss avalanche amid the minimum and maximum
thresholds.
876 appearance down
marking bottomward Jargon apropos to a policer activity through which, instead of auctioning an outof-
contract packet, the policer marks a altered IPP or DSCP value, acceptance the packet to
continue on its way, but authoritative the packet added acceptable to be alone later.
MaxAge An OSPF timer that determines how continued an LSA can abide in the LSDB without
having heard a reflooded archetype of the LSA.
Maxage timer An STP timer that dictates how continued a about-face should delay back it ceases to hear
Hellos.
maximum aloof bandwidth A Cisco IOS interface setting, as a allotment amid 1 and
99, that defines how abundant of the interface’s bandwidth ambience may be allocated by a queuing tool.
The absence bulk is 75 percent.
Maximum Response Time After a host receives an IGMP Query, the bulk of time (default,
10 seconds) the host has to accelerate the IGMP Report.
Maximum Segment Admeasurement A TCP capricious that defines the bigger cardinal of bytes accustomed in a
TCP segment’s Abstracts field. The adding does not accommodate the TCP header. With a archetypal IP
MTU of 1500 bytes, the consistent absence MSS would be 1460. TCP hosts charge abutment an MSS
of at atomic 536 bytes
maximum beginning WRED compares this ambience to the boilerplate chain abyss to decide
whether packets should be discarded. All packets are alone if the boilerplate chain abyss rises
above this best threshold.
maximum manual assemblage An IP capricious that defines the bigger admeasurement accustomed in an IP
packet, including the IP header. IP hosts charge abutment an MTU of at atomic 576 bytes.
MD5 See Bulletin Abstract 5.
MD5 assortment A appellation apropos to the activity of applying the Bulletin Abstract 5 (MD5) algorithm
to a string, consistent in addition value. The aboriginal cord cannot be calmly computed alike when
the assortment is known, authoritative this activity a able adjustment for autumn passwords.
MDRR See Modified Deficit Round-Robin.
Measured Round-Trip Time A TCP capricious acclimated as the base for a TCP sender’s timer
defining how continued it should delay for a missing accepting afore resending the data.
Message Abstract 5 A adjustment of applying a algebraic formula, with ascribe including a private
key, the bulletin contents, and sometimes a aggregate argument string, with the consistent abstract being
metric 877
included with the message. The sender and the receiver accomplish the aforementioned algebraic to allow
authentication and to prove that no boilerplate accessory afflicted the bulletin contents.
metric With acquisition protocols, the altitude of favorability that determines which admission will
be installed in a acquisition table if added than one router is announcement that exact arrangement and mask.
MIB See Management Advice Base.
MIB airing In SNMP, the activity of a administrator appliance alternating GetNext and GetBulk
commands to ascertain the exact MIB anatomy accurate by an SNMP agent. The activity involves
the administrator allurement for anniversary alternating MIB blade variable.
MIB-I The aboriginal connected set of all-encompassing SNMP MIB variables, authentic in RFC 1158.
MIB-II The best contempo connected set of all-encompassing SNMP MIB variables, authentic in RFC 1213
and adapted in RFCs 2011 through 2013.
mincir See minimum CIR.
minimum CIR Jargon apropos to the minimum bulk to which adaptive abstraction will lower the
shaping rate.
minimum beginning WRED compares this ambience to the boilerplate chain abyss to adjudge whether
packets should be discarded. No packets are alone if the boilerplate chain abyss avalanche beneath this
minimum threshold.
MLD See Multicast Listener Discovery.
MLP See Multilink PPP.
MLP LFI The PPP activity for fragmenting packets, additional interleaving delay-sensitive laterarriving
packets amid the $.25 of the aboriginal packet.
MLS See Multilayer Switching.
Modified Deficit Round-Robin A Cisco 12000 alternation router affection that combines the key
features of LLQ and CQ to accommodate agnate congestion-management features.
modified appendage bead A WFQ appellation apropos to its bead logic, which is agnate to tail-drop
behavior.
Modular QoS CLI The accepted set of IOS agreement commands that is acclimated with each
QoS affection whose name begins with “Class-Based.”
878 MOSPF
MOSPF See Multicast Open Shortest Aisle First.
MPD See mark anticipation denominator.
MPLS Experimental (EXP) A 3-bit acreage in an MPLS attack acclimated for appearance frames.
MPLS TTL advancement The MPLS affection by which an admission E-LSR copies the IP packet’s
IP TTL acreage into the MPLS header’s TTL field.
MPLS unicast IP acquisition The simplest MPLS application, involving the advertisement of an
IGP to apprentice IP routes, and LDP or TDP to acquaint labels.
MPLS VPNs An MPLS appliance that allows the MPLS arrangement to affix to multiple
different IP networks, with overlapping IP addresses, and accommodate IP connectivity to those multiple
networks.
MQC See Modular QoS CLI.
MRT See Best Response Time.
MRTT See Measured Round-Trip Time.
MSS See Best Segment Size.
MST See Assorted Spanning Trees.
MTU See best manual unit.
MULTI_EXIT_DISC (MED) A BGP aisle aspect that allows routers in one AS to set a value
and acquaint it into a adjoining AS, impacting the accommodation activity in that adjoining AS. A
smaller bulk is advised better. Additionally alleged the BGP metric.
multi-action policing In MQC and CB Policing, a agreement appearance by which, for one
category of packets (conform, exceed, or violate), added than one appearance activity is authentic for a
single category. For example, appearance DSCP and DE.
multicast A blazon of IPv4 and IPv6 cartage advised primarily to accommodate one-to-many
connectivity but clashing broadcast, has the adequacy to ascendancy the ambit of cartage distribution.
multicast IP abode ambit IP multicast abode ambit from 224.0.0.0 through
239.255.255.255.
multicast IP abode anatomy 879
multicast IP abode anatomy The aboriginal 4 $.25 of the aboriginal octet charge be 1110. The aftermost 28 bits
are unstructured.
Multicast Listener Analysis The IPv6 agreement acclimated for the analysis of which hosts are
listening for which multicast IP addresses for IPv6.
multicast MAC abode A 48-bit abode that is affected from a Band 3 multicast abode by
using 0x0100.5E as the multicast bell-ringer cipher (OUI) for the aboriginal 24 bits, consistently bifold 0 for the
25th bit, and artful the aftermost 23 $.25 of the Band 3 multicast address.
Multicast Open Shortest Aisle Aboriginal A multicast acquisition agreement that operates in close mode
and depends on the OSPF unicast acquisition agreement to accomplish its multicast functions.
multicast scoping The convenance of defining boundaries that actuate how far multicast traffic
will biking in your network.
multicast accompaniment advice The advice maintained by a router for anniversary multicast admission in
its multicast acquisition table, such as admission interface, approachable interface list, Uptime timer,
Expire timer, etc.
multicasting Sending a bulletin from a distinct antecedent or assorted sources to called multiple
destinations beyond a Band 3 arrangement in one abstracts stream.
Multilayer Switching A activity whereby a switch, back authoritative a forwarding decision, uses
not alone Band 2 argumentation but added OSI band equivalents as well.
Multilink PPP A PPP affection acclimated to amount antithesis assorted alongside links at Band 2 by
fragmenting frames, sending one anatomy over anniversary of the links in the bundle, and reassembling
them at the accepting end of the link.
multipath An affair whereby genitalia of the RF arresting booty altered paths from the antecedent to the
destination, which causes absolute and reflected signals to ability the receiver at altered times, and
corresponding bit errors.
Multiple Spanning Trees Authentic in IEEE 802.1s, a blueprint for assorted STP instances
when appliance 802.1Q trunks
NA See Acquaintance Advertisement.
NAT See Arrangement Abode Translation.
NAT-PT See Arrangement Abode Translation-Protocol Translation.
880 built-in VLAN
native VLAN The one VLAN on an 802.1Q block for which the endpoints do not add the 4-byte
802.1Q tag back transmitting frames in that VLAN.
NBAR See Arrangement Based Appliance Recognition.
NCP See Arrangement Ascendancy Protocol.
ND See Acquaintance Analysis Protocol.
neighbor (EIGRP) With EIGRP, a router administration the aforementioned primary subnet, with which Hellos
are exchanged, ambit match, and with which routes can be exchanged.
neighbor (OSPF) Any added router, administration a accepted abstracts link, with which a router exchanges
Hellos, and for which the ambit in the Hello canyon the parameter-check process.
Neighbor Advertisement In IPv6, the Acquaintance Analysis bulletin acclimated by an IPv6 bulge to
send advice about itself to its neighbors.
Neighbor Analysis Agreement The agreement acclimated in IPv6 for abounding functions, including address
autoconfiguration, alike abode detection, router, neighbor, and prefix discovery, neighbor
address resolution, and constant discovery.
Neighbor Solicitation In IPv6, the Acquaintance Analysis bulletin acclimated by an IPv6 bulge to
request advice about a acquaintance or neighbors.
neighbor accompaniment A accompaniment capricious kept by a router for anniversary accepted acquaintance or abeyant neighbor.
Neighbor Blazon In BGP, either alien BGP (eBGP), amalgamation eBGP, or centralized BGP
(iBGP). The appellation refers to a associate connection, and whether the aeon are in altered ASs (eBGP),
different amalgamation sub-ASs (confederation eBGP), or in the aforementioned AS (iBGP).
nested action maps An MQC agreement appearance by which one action map calls a additional policy
map. For example, a abstraction action map can alarm an LLQ action map to apparatus LLQ for
packets shaped by CB Shaping.
Network Abode Translation Authentic in RFC 1631, a adjustment of advice IP addresses in
headers with the ambition of acceptance assorted hosts to allotment distinct accessible IP addresses, thereby
reducing IPv4 accessible abode depletion.
Network Abode Translation-Protocol Translation As authentic in RFCs 2765 and 2766, a
method of advice amid IPv4 and IPv6 that removes the charge for hosts to run bifold protocol
stacks. NAT-PT is an another to tunneling IPv6 over an IPv4 network, or carnality versa.
network allocation agent 881
network allocation agent A time bulk that anniversary wireless base charge set based on the
duration bulk begin in every 802.11 frame. The time bulk counts bottomward and charge be according to zero
before a base is accustomed to admission the wireless medium. The aftereffect is a collision-avoidance
mechanism.
Network Based Appliance Recognition A Cisco IOS affection that performs abysmal packet
inspection to allocate packets based on appliance band information.
Network Ascendancy Agreement The portions of PPP focused on appearance that are accompanying to specific
Layer 3 protocols.
network band reachability advice A BGP appellation apropos to an IP prefix and prefix
length.
Network Time Agreement An Internet accepted (RFC 1305) that defines the letters and
modes acclimated for IP hosts to accord their time-of-day clocks.
network blazon (OSPF) A appropriate of OSPF interfaces that determines whether a DR
election is attempted, whether or not neighbors charge be statically configured, and the absence Hello
and Dead timer settings.
Next Hop acreage With a acquisition update, or acquisition table entry, the allocation of a avenue that defines
the abutting router to which a packet should be beatific to ability the destination subnet. With routing
protocols, the Abutting Hop acreage may ascertain a router added than the router sending the acquisition update.
NEXT_HOP A BGP aisle aspect that lists the next-hop IP abode acclimated to ability an NLRI.
NLPID Arrangement Band Agreement ID is a acreage in the RFC 2427 attack that is acclimated as a Protocol
Type acreage in adjustment to analyze the blazon of Band 3 packet encapsulated central a Anatomy Relay frame.
NLRI See arrangement band reachability information.
no bead A WRED activity by which WRED does not abandon packets during times in which a
queue’s minimum beginning has not been passed.
NO_ADVERT A aloof bulk for the BGP COMMUNITY aisle aspect that implies that the
route should not be advertised to any added peer.
NO_EXPORT A aloof bulk for the BGP COMMUNITY aisle aspect that implies that the
route should not be advertised alfresco the bounded AS.
NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED The RFC 1997 name for the aloof COMMUNITY path
attribute accepted to Cisco IOS as LOCAL_AS. (See LOCAL_AS.)
not-so-stubby breadth A blazon of OSPF butt breadth that, clashing butt areas, can inject alien routes
into the NSSA area.
NS See Acquaintance Solicitation.
NSSA See not-so-stubby area.
NTP See Arrangement Time Protocol.
NTP advertisement applicant An NTP applicant that assumes that a server will accelerate NTP broadcasts,
removing the claim for the applicant to accept the NTP server’s IP abode preconfigured.
NTP applicant approach An NTP approach in which an NTP host adjusts its alarm in affiliation to an NTP
server’s clock.
NTP server approach An NTP approach in which an NTP host does not acclimatize its clock, but in which
it sends NTP letters to audience so that the audience can amend their clocks based on the server’s
clock.
NTP symmetric alive approach An NTP approach in which two or added NTP servers mutually
synchronize their clocks.